Making biofuels is messy, inefficient and costly. Huge portions of crops similar to maize and soyabeans should be grown, harvested and processed earlier than their vitality, amassed slowly by way of pure photosynthesis, may be put to make use of. Nate Ennist of the Institute for Protein Design (IPD) on the College of Washington, in Seattle, thinks that artificial proteins can enhance the speed of return.