America’s import duties simply preserve rising. On August 1st levies on greater than 20 nations, plus the European Union, will take impact except they negotiate offers within the meantime. On July 14th President Donald Trump mentioned that he would impose “secondary tariffs” of 100% on nations doing enterprise with Russia, ought to it fail to succeed in a peace settlement with Ukraine in 50 days. Such threats must be taken with a heavy pinch of salt: Mr Trump has kind for backing down if markets turn out to be turbulent. However the pattern is obvious. America’s common efficient tariff price has already risen to 17%, from 2.5% final yr.