Let’s play a word-association recreation. Champions (Liverpool). Cyclists (smug). IT undertaking (failure). Ask folks what they find out about tech tasks, and they’re going to in all probability say that they take longer than anticipated, price greater than budgeted and ship lower than they’re meant to. Is that notion correct? And if that’s the case, what will be finished about it? A forthcoming paper, by Bent Flyvbjerg of Oxford College and his co-authors, sheds gentle on these questions.